Bloomsbury Square is a garden square in Bloomsbury, Camden, London.
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To the north of the square is Great Russell Street and Bedford Place, leading to Russell Square. To the south is Bloomsbury Way. To the west is the British Museum and Holborn tube station is the nearest underground station to the southeast. There are gardens in the centre of the square.
The square was developed by 4th Earl of Southampton, in the late 17th century, and was initially known as Southampton Square. It was one of the earliest London squares. The Earl's own house, then known as Southampton House and later as Bedford House after the square and the rest of the Bloomsbury Estate passed by marriage from the Earls of Southampton to the Dukes of Bedford, occupied the whole of the north side of the square, where Bedford Place is now located.[1] The other sides were lined with typical terraced houses of the time, which were initially occupied by members of the aristocracy and gentry.
By the early 19th century, Bloomsbury was no longer fashionable with the upper classes. Consequently the Duke of Bedford of the day moved out of Bedford House, which was demolished and replaced with further terraced houses. In the 19th century the square was occupied mainly by middle class professionals. The writer Isaac D'Israeli lived at No. 6 from 1817 to 1829 and for part of that time his son, the future Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli lived with him. In the 20th century most of the buildings came to be used as offices.
Bloomsbury Square's garden contains a bronze statue by Richard Westmacott of Charles James Fox , who was a Whig associate of the Dukes of Bedford. None of the original 17th century buildings survive, but there are many handsome 18th and early 19th century houses. The Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain was based in an 18th century building on the southern side of the square partly credited to John Nash. The eastern side of the square is occupied by a large early 20th century office building called Victoria House, built for, and for many decades occupied by, Liverpool Victoria Friendly Society, which was on the short list to become London's city hall when the Greater London Authority was founded in 2000. The garden is open to the public and was refurbished in 2003.
Other squares on the Bedford Estate in Bloomsbury included:
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